Stefan Kowalski completed his doctorate at the University of Warsaw studying how bilingual speakers manage competing lexical representations. During five formative years at the Institute as a Research Fellow, he conducted systematic investigations into the neural signatures of lexical selection during second-language production, contributing key findings on the time course of language switching. His work was featured in three peer-reviewed publications and attracted international collaborators to the Institute. Kowalski returned to Poland in 2011 to establish an independent research group at the University of Wrocław, where he remains an active member of the European language neuroscience community.